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Magnesia or Magnesia on the Maeander ( or ; (ラテン語:Magnesia ad Maeandrum)) was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, considerable in size, at an important location commercially and strategically in the triangle of Priene, Ephesus and Tralles. The city was named Magnesia, after the Magnetes from Thessaly who settled the area along with some Cretans. It was later called "on the Meander" to distinguish it from the nearby Lydian city Magnesia ad Sipylum. The territory around Magnesia was extremely fertile, and produced excellent wine, figs, and cucumbers.〔Athcn. i. p. 29, ii. p. 59, iii. J. 78.〕 It was built on the slope of Mount Thorax,〔http://books.google.com/books?id=HWEOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA663〕 on the banks of the small river Lethacus, a tributary of the Maeander river upstream from Ephesus. It was 15 miles from the city of Miletus.〔Strabo xiv. pp. 636, 647; l'lin. v. 31.〕〔(image showing the location of Magnesia ) (in Asia Minor).〕 The ruins of the city are located west of the modern village Tekin in the Germencik district of Aydın Province, Turkey. Magnesia lay within Ionia, but because it had been settled by Aeolians from Greece, was not accepted into the Ionian League. Magnesia may have been ruled for a time by the Lydians,〔There are references to its capture by King Gyges, however this may refer to the original conquering of Magnesia ad Sipylum, long a Lydian city. See for instance ().〕 and was for some time under the control of the Persians, and subject to Cimmerian raids. In later years, Magnesia supported the Romans in the Second Mithridatic War.〔http://books.google.com/books?id=wsghvyMLqqUC&pg=PA210〕〔http://books.google.com/books?id=UVlFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA290〕 == General history == Magnesia soon attained great power and prosperity, so as to be able to cope even with a challenge from Ephesus.〔Callinus, ap. Strabo xiv. p. 647.〕 However, the city was taken and destroyed by the Cimmerians, some time between 726 BC and 660 BC. The deserted site was soon reoccupied, and rebuilt by the Milesians or, according to Athenaeus,〔xii. p. 525〕 by the Ephesians. The Persian satraps of Lydia also occasionally resided in the place.〔Herod, i. 161, iii. 122.〕 In the fifth century BC, the exiled Athenian Themistocles came to Persia to offer his services to Artaxerxes, and was given control of Magnesia to support his family.〔Nepos, Themist. 10; Diod. xi. 57.〕 The name "magnet" may come from lodestones found in Magnesia.〔Paul Hewitt, "Conceptual Physics". 10th ed. (2006), p.458〕 In the time of the Romans, Magnesia was added to the kingdom of Pergamus, after Antiochus had been driven eastward beyond Mount Taunts.〔Liv. xxxvii. 45, xxxviii. 13.〕 After this time the town seems to have declined and is rarely mentioned, though it is still noticed by Pliny〔v. 31〕 and Tacitus.〔Ann. iv. 55〕 Hierocles〔p. 659〕 ranks it among the bishoprics of Asia, and later documents seem to imply that at one time it bore the name of Maeandropolis.〔Concil. Constantin. iii. p. 666.〕 The existence of the town in the time of the emperors Aurelius and Gallienus is attested to by coins. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Magnesia on the Maeander」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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